Pattern Development System in Apparel Manufacturing

A pattern is a template or a blueprint used to cut out the fabric for a garment. It is a detailed representation of the garment's design, including the shape, size, and layout of the various parts, such as the body, sleeves, collar, and other components.

A pattern is typically created by a designer or pattern maker using various techniques and tools, such as:
Flat sketching: Drawing a 2D representation of the garment's design on paper.
Computer-aided design (CAD): Using software to create a digital representation of the garment's design.
Pattern drafting: Creating a 3D model of the garment using paper or cardboard.
The pattern is used to guide the cutting process, ensuring that the fabric is cut accurately and efficiently. The pattern is usually created in multiple sizes to accommodate different body types and measurements.

A pattern typically includes:

Types of Patterns

Patterns can be classified into several types, including:

1. Flat Patterns: Used for flat cutting of fabric, typically used for simple garments like t-shirts, scarves, and undergarments.
2. 3D Patterns: Used for cutting fabric into three-dimensional shapes, typically used for complex garments like coats, jackets, and outerwear.
3. Graded Patterns: Created in multiple sizes to accommodate different body types and measurements, ensuring a precise fit.
4. Master Patterns: Original patterns used as a template for creating multiple sizes and styles.
5. Digital Patterns: Computer-aided design (CAD) patterns created using software, allowing for precise measurements and ease of modification.
6. Block Patterns: Basic patterns used as a starting point for creating other patterns, such as modifying the fit or style of a garment.
7. Design Patterns: Used to create unique or custom designs, often incorporating intricate details or embellishments.
8. Prototyping Patterns: Temporary or sample patterns used to test and refine a garment's design before production.

1. Pattern Design: Creating a 2D or 3D digital representation of the garment design.
2. Grading: Creating multiple patterns in different sizes to accommodate different body types and measurements.
3. Marker Making: Creating a layout of the fabric required for each pattern piece, including the placement of seams, notches, and other features.
4. ProtoTyping: Creating a physical prototype of the garment to test its fit, comfort, and appearance.
5. Pattern Modification: Making changes to the pattern to improve its fit, reduce costs, or meet changing customer requirements.

1. Improved Accuracy: A PDS ensures accurate pattern creation, reducing errors and waste.
2. Increased Efficiency: A PDS streamlines the pattern development process, reducing the time and cost associated with creating and modifying patterns.
3. Better Fit: A PDS enables the creation of garments that fit well, reducing returns and improving customer satisfaction.
4. Reduced Costs: A PDS can help reduce costs by minimizing fabric waste, reducing prototyping errors, and optimizing fabric usage.
5. Enhanced Design Capabilities: A PDS enables designers to create complex designs and patterns that would be difficult or impossible to create manually.

1. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Software: Software such as Gerber AccuMark, Optitex, or TUKAcad is used to create and modify patterns.
2. 3D Design Software: Software such as Optitex 3D or TUKA3D is used to create 3D models of garments and simulate their fit and appearance.
3. Automation Tools: Automation tools such as automated marker making systems or automatic grading software can be used to streamline the pattern development process.
4. Data Management Systems: Data management systems such as ERP or PLM systems are used to manage and track pattern development data.

1. Training and Education: Users may require training and education to effectively use PDS software and technologies.
2. Cost: Implementing a PDS can be expensive, especially for small or medium-sized businesses.
3. Integration: Integrating a PDS with existing systems and processes can be challenging.
4. Data Management: Managing large amounts of pattern development data can be complex and time-consuming.

Seam Allowances and Shrinkage in Pattern Making

When creating patterns, it's essential to account for seam allowances and shrinkage to ensure a accurate fit and prevent garment distortion. Here's why:

In the event of a washed piece of clothing, 100% fabric ought to be tested for shrinkage. The test is done according to the wash formula. When all rolls are tested, the rolls are isolated according to the shrinkages and various patterns are made to fuse the shrinkages.

If there should be an occurrence of a non-wash piece of clothing testing 10% of the fabric is adequate to decide the shrinkage that should be incorporated into the pattern. The pattern is washed in view of the suggested wash care directions in the fabric specification (FPT).